Document Library — Federal Counterfeit Drug Prosecutions

In the age of the Internet, trying and convicting drug counterfeiters often involves resource-intensive investigation across multiple jurisdictions and even when those resources are available, current laws and regulations aren't always enough to deter these criminals' activity.  Determined prosecutors employ a range of laws to bring these charges—including violations of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Federal Controlled Substances Act, and criminal codes that address fraud, counterfeiting, theft and money laundering.

In this ongoing project, PSM is gathering court documents that offer insight into how prosecutors have approached these cases. We've started with federal cases, but plan to expand into state prosecutions in the future.

Recent additions

Cases we are following

Case overview, USA v Capsulcn International Co Ltd et al

In May 2025, the U.S. District Court in the Western District of Texas unsealed an indictment against a CapsulCN International and three Chinese nationals for their alleged role in the illegal importation of pill-making equipment.

Case overview, Gilead Sciences v Heal the World et al

Gilead Sciences has filed a civil complaint against a Queens, New York-based pharmacy that allegedly sold counterfeit HIV medicine.

Case overview, USA v Xiaofei Chen

Xaiofei "Sophie" Chen pleaded guilty to illegally importing a pill press and a counterfeit pill mold in April 2025. The Chinese national worked for CapsulCN, which is under indictment for pill press trafficking.

Food and Drugs violations

Unapproved drugs / devices

Read the statutes: 21 USC §§ 331(i)(3) and 333(a)(2)


Prescription Drug Marketing Act violations

Read the statute: Pub. L. 100–293, §1(a)


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Superseding Indictment, USA v Rahim Shafa et al, July 2021

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Amended Jury Instructions, USA v Rahim Shafa et al, February 2024

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Indictment, USA v Sanjay Kumar

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Complaint, USA v Oluwole Adegboruwa, May 2019

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Second Superseding Indictment, USA v Oluwole Adegboruwa et al, August 2023

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Verdict form, USA v Oluwole Adegboruwa et al, June 2024

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Information, USA v Melissa Bandy, May 2024

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Affidavit for search warrant, USA v Melissa Bandy, August 2023

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Plea Agreement, USA v Flor Cham, November 2023

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Superseding Indictment, USA v Edvin Ovasapyan, et al

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Criminal Charges

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