Document Library — Federal Counterfeit Drug Prosecutions

In the age of the Internet, trying and convicting drug counterfeiters often involves resource-intensive investigation across multiple jurisdictions and even when those resources are available, current laws and regulations aren't always enough to deter these criminals' activity.  Determined prosecutors employ a range of laws to bring these charges—including violations of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Federal Controlled Substances Act, and criminal codes that address fraud, counterfeiting, theft and money laundering.

In this ongoing project, PSM is gathering court documents that offer insight into how prosecutors have approached these cases. We've started with federal cases, but plan to expand into state prosecutions in the future.

Recent additions

Cases we are following

Case overview, USA v Capsulcn International Co Ltd et al

In May 2025, the U.S. District Court in the Western District of Texas unsealed an indictment against a CapsulCN International and three Chinese nationals for their alleged role in the illegal importation of pill-making equipment.

Case overview, Gilead Sciences v Heal the World et al

Gilead Sciences has filed a civil complaint against a Queens, New York-based pharmacy that allegedly sold counterfeit HIV medicine.

Case overview, USA v Xiaofei Chen

Xaiofei "Sophie" Chen pleaded guilty to illegally importing a pill press and a counterfeit pill mold in April 2025. The Chinese national worked for CapsulCN, which is under indictment for pill press trafficking.

Food and Drugs violations

Unapproved drugs / devices

Read the statutes: 21 USC §§ 331(i)(3) and 333(a)(2)


Prescription Drug Marketing Act violations

Read the statute: Pub. L. 100–293, §1(a)


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Indictment, USA v Hubei Shanglin Trading and Zhihan Wang

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Indictment, USA v Tianjin Furuntongda Tech Co and Wenxing Gao

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Indictment,USA v Wuhan Jinshang Import & Export Trading Company and Wenying Nie

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Indictment, USA v Wuhan Mingyue Information Technology and Huan Huan Song

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Indictment, USA v Hubei Aoks Bio-Tech Co and Xuening Gao et al

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Order re: Payment of Restitution, USA v Lorik Papyan

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Government’s Restitution Memo, USA v Lorik Papyan

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Indictment, USA v Rui-Siang Lin (Incognito Market)

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Complaint, USA v Rui-Siang Lin (Incognito Market)

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Money Judgment, USA v Rui-Siang Lin (Incognito Market)

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Criminal Charges

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